3.3.5.
Type 5: Syntactic markers

Type 5 noun suffixes indicate the grammatical role of a noun within a sentence. Unlike English, Klingon often uses suffixes instead of prepositions to clarify these roles.

-Daq (locative)

This suffix shows that an action happens near, in, on, or at the location indicated by the noun. Often a noun with -Daq is placed at the start of a sentence to show where, or toward where, the rest of the sentence is happening. English translations vary based on context:

  • pa'Daq jIHtaH - I'm in the room. (pa' - room, jIH - I)
  • pa'Daq yIjaH - Go to the room! (jaH - go)
  • DungDaq - overhead (literally, at the area above)
  • mIvDaq pogh cha' - On the helmet he displays a glove (mIv - helment, pogh - glove, cha' - display) 
  • juHwIjDaq Dochvetlh vItlhap - I will take that to my home (juH - home, Doch - thing, tlhap - take)

Note: Nouns like naDev (hereabouts), pa' (thereabouts), vogh (somewhere), and Dat (everywhere) already have locative meanings and never use -Daq.

Certain verbs such as ghoS (approach, proceed), leng (travel), paw (arrive), 'el (enter), and jaH (go) include locative ideas in their meanings. Using -Daq with these verbs is possible, but somewhat redundant:

  • Duj ghoStaH - It is approaching the ship. (Duj - ship, ghoS - approach)
  • yuQDaq jIleng - I roam around on the planet. (yuQ - planet, leng - roam)
  • bIQtIqDaq jIjaH - I go along in the river. (bIQtIq - river, jaH - go)

-Daq is never used to indicate languages or times ("in Klingon," "at 10:30 PM"). For times, use constructions like qaSDI' po (in the morning), qaSDI' tuch (in the future).

-vo' (from)

This suffix indicates movement away from a location.:

  • pa'vo' yIjaH - Leave the room! (pa' - room, jaH - go)
  • yuQvo' jIleng - I roam away from the planet. (yuQ - planet, leng - roam)

-mo' (due to, because of)

This suffix explains the reason or cause of an action:

  • SuSmo' joqtaH - It is fluttering due to the breeze. (SuS - breeze, joq - flutter)

-vaD (for, intended for)

This suffix shows the beneficiary or intended recipient of the action:

  • Qu'vaD lI' De'vam - This information is useful for the mission. (Qu' - mission, lI' - useful, De' - information)

-'e' (topic)

This suffix emphasizes the noun as the main topic or focus of the sentence:

  • jIlujpu' jIH'e' - I, and only I, have failed. (luj - to lose, jIH - me)
  • De''e' vItlhapnISpu' - It was the information that I needed. (De' - information, tlhap - take)

Without -'e', no noun is specifically emphasized.

For additional uses of -'e', see section 6.3.